Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Seizures can vary in symptoms from brief lapses of awareness to convulsions. The condition can be diagnosed after at least two unprovoked seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart, or even after a single seizure if there is a high risk of recurrence. Causes of epilepsy include genetic factors, brain injury, infections, or brain tumors. Treatment involves anti-seizure medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgical interventions. Medication can help control seizures for most individuals, but about 3 out of 10 people may still experience regular seizures. Epilepsy can affect individuals of any age, with symptoms varying among individuals and potentially leading to loss of consciousness or uncontrollable movements. Seizures may be triggered by factors such as structural or metabolic conditions, strokes, brain disorders, or traumatic brain injuries. Additionally, epilepsy can be associated with degenerative brain disorders, CNS infections, intracranial tumors, mesial temporal sclerosis, immunological disorders, disorders of cortical development, or genetically determined conditions.